Friday, May 15, 2015

What It Takes (And Means) To Learn English as an Adult


Audio Time: 5 min 53 sec

Level: Intermediate and up

Vocabulary:  To help learners fully understand the audio and transcript, most vocabulary that might be unknown for this lesson’s level is provided. Vocab in bold is more useful for learners at the lesson’s target level. Try to choose 8 to 10 new words to learn from the story (in general, it’s best to try to learn no more than 8-10 new words a day).

Definitions are written with the help of various sources including Merriam-Webster’s Learner’s Dictionary

Adult: a fully grown person or animal. 

To add up:  to be added together and equal the expected or correct total.

Challenge: a difficult task or problem; something that is hard to do.

Immigrant: a person who comes to a country to live there.

Poverty: the state of being poor.

Integrate: to combine (two or more things) to form or create something.

Society: the people of a particular country, area, time, etc., thought of especially as an organized community.

To Make it (somewhere):  to reach or go to (a place).

To break out: to begin happening suddenly.

Desperate: having a strong need or desire for something or to do something.

Off and on: starting, stopping, and starting again; not constant or steady over a period of time.

Gap: a hole or space where something is missing.

Juggle: to do (several things) at the same time.

Child Care: the things that are done to take care of children especially when their parents are away or at work.

Household: of or relating to a house or to the people living in a house.

Principal: the person in charge of a public school.

Incredible: difficult or impossible to believe.

Sacrifice: the act of giving up something that you want to keep especially in order to get or do something else or to help someone.

Bartender: a person who serves drinks at a bar or restaurant.

Attendant: assistant;  an employee who serves or helps customers.

Yep: (informal) yes.

To get out (of somewhere): to leave.

To grow up: to become an adult.

To hold back: to stop (someone) from doing something.

Limited:  not high or great in number, amount, etc.

Stepchild: your wife's or husband's child by a past marriage or relationship : a stepson or stepdaughter.

Research: careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something.

Acquisition: the act of getting or acquiring something.

Equivalent: having the same value, use, meaning, etc.

To require: to make it necessary for someone to do something.

Competence: the ability to do something well.

To keep at it: to continue doing or trying to do something.

Confused: unable to understand or think clearly.

Obvious: easy to see, notice, or understand.

Road Trip: a long trip in a car, truck, etc.

Longingly: a strong desire for something or someone.

Cohesion: a condition in which people or things are closely united; unity.

Fabric:  woven or knitted material; cloth.

Grammar Tip: Using Make and Do Collocations

One of her classmates says longingly, she'd love to make American friends.

…many of his adult students make incredible sacrifices to come to class.

Using do and make collocations can be a challenge for English learners. The truth is that there often is no way to know whether to use do or make besides memorizing the proper collocation. However, the good news is that there are a few guidelines that can help learners know when to use each word.

Guidelines for using DO:

We often use do for daily activities or jobs that do not produce a physical object.

Do homework, do the dishes, do the laundry, do a job, do the shopping

We also use do when we speak about things in general, but don’t specifically name this activity. Instead the words used are something, nothing anything, everything, etc. 

He has done nothing all day.

She would do anything for her Mom.

Guidelines for using MAKE:

Make is often used for constructing, building and creating something you can touch.

Make food, make a cup of tea, make clothes, make a mess

As already noted, like much of English, there are many make and do collocations that do not follow these guidelines, and must simply be memorized.

Make money, do someone a favor, do business, make a decision, do good, make a plan

Discussion questions:
1. What challenges do you have for learning English?
2. What sacrifices have you made to learn English?
3. What are the rewards for learning English?
4. What are the positive and negatives sides to learning English as a child or as an adult?
5. What are some of the differences between learning English as a child and as an adult?
6.  How can busy people learn English or other languages more easily?
7. What’s the best age to learn a language?
8. Can learning another language make someone have more understanding or patience with someone who tries to speak this person’s native language?


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